Denim is a strong, durable fabric constructed in a twill weave with indigo and white yarns. The blue/indigo yarns are the lengthwise or “warp” threads (parallel to the selvage). The white yarns run across the fabric width (the weft threads). Denim is traditionally woven with 100%-cotton yarn; however, today it’s blended with polyester, to control shrinkage and wrinkles, and Lycra to add stretch. Today, denim has many faces. It can be printed, striped, brushed, napped and stonewashed, and the indigo.
Denim Fabric Construction
Denim is made from rugged tightly woven twill in which the weft passes under two or more warp threads. Lengthwise, the yard is dyed with indigo or blue dye; horizontal yarns remain white. The yarns have a very strong twist to make them more durable, but this also affects the denim’s colour.
The yarns are twisted so tightly that indigo dye usually colours only the surface, leaving the center of the yarn white. The blue strands become the threads that show on the outside of your denim and the white are the ones that make the inside of your denim look white. This produces the familiar diagonal ribbing identifiable on the reverse of the fabric. Through wear, the indigo yarn surface gives way, exposing the white yarn underneath which causes denim to fade. Jeans are basic 5 pocket pants or trousers made from denim.
Two words come from the name of a sturdy fabric called serge, originally made in Nimes, France. Originally called serge de Nimes (the fabric of Nimes), the name was soon shortened to denim (de Nimes). Denim was traditionally coloured blue with natural indigo dye to make blue Jeans, though “Jean” then denoted a different, lighter cotton textile, the contemporary use of jean comes from the French word for Genoa, Italy, where the first denim trousers where made. Jeans transcend age, economic and style barriers. But jeans themselves have reached iconic status.
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